Penggambaran arti istilah Fisioterapi diseluruh dunia sangat beraneka ragam, masing-masing negara mencoba menggali jati diri profesi Fisioterapi menurut pemahaman masing-masing, sementara defenisi fisioterapi konvensional yang masih menganggap ilmu dan seni pengobatan dengan memakai sumber fisis sudah tidak relevan lagi.
Istilah Fisioterapi merupakan istilah asing yang telah di Indonesiakan bukan diterjemahkan aslinya dari kata Physiotheray atau beberapa negara menyebutnya Physical Therapy (negara-negara Amerika), Fisioterapi (Indonesia), Physiotherapy (negara Eropa), Fysiotherapie (Belanda) adalah istilah-istilah yang pada hakekatnya sama mempunyai nilai-nilai, konsep, paradigma yang bersifat universal.
Untuk menjaga kesamaan tersebut, Indonesia tidak menterjemahkan istilah tersebut menjadi terapi fisik, bahkan di Malaysia yang tadinya disebut “Juru Pulih Anggota” telah kembali kepada istilah Physiotherapy, demikian pula orang yang telah berhak menjalankan pekerjaan Fisioterapi disebut Fisioterapis-Physiotherapist- Phisical Therapist- Fysiotherapuet.
Profesi Fisioterapi telah berkembang demikian pesat di dunia, bahkan Fisioterapi merupakan salah satu dari 10 besar profesi yang berkembang di Amerika dalam dekade ini , setelah para pakar Fisioterapi dunia menggali jati diri Fisioterapi, penggalian jati diri ini menjadi konsep Fisioterapi baik apa itu Fisioterapi, apa Fisioterapis, bagaimana pola pelayanannya, pola pendidikan serta bagaimana otonomi Fisioterapi sebagai suatu profesi.
Karena perkembangan yang begitu cepat tersebut baik dalam perkembangan pelayanan maupun dalam keilmuannya serta perkembangan tuntutan masyarakat, ekonomi dan efisiensi dan lain sebagainya, setiap mencoba mencari jadi diri yang tepat memungkinkan untuk berkembang sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah jati diri profesi fisioterapi . Indonesia dalam kongres Nasional Ikatan Fisioterapi Indonesia VI di Solo tahun 1992 menyepakati suatu paradigma baru Fisioterapi yang dibangun dari falsafah-falsafah yang diyakini kebenaranya.
Beberapa pakar dunia mencoba membuat defenisi profesi fisioterapi yang pendekatan sistematis baik menurut teori kajian falsafat ilmu maupun melihat dari perkembangan tuntutan dan kebutuhan masyarakat masing-masing negara. Keanekaragaman penggambaran fisioterapi ini merupakan issue yang mengemuka dalam kongres/ general assembly WCPT XII tahun 1991 di london yang kemudian membuat kelompok kerja untuk menyusun Draft Description Of Phisical Therapy.
Demikian pula negara-negara lain, masing-masing mencoba merumuskan defenisi Fisioterapi yang akhirnya sidang kongres Fisioterapi se dunia (Word Confederation For Phisical Therapy) XII di Washinton D.C Juni 1995 memutuskan jati diri Fisioterapi yang berlaku di seluruh Dunia. Bahkan keputusan-keputusan tersebut disertai suatu deklarasi yang berisikan prinsip-prinsip fisioterapi serta pernyataan posisi (Declaration of Principle and Position Statement yang memungkinkan Fisioterapi berkembang secara cepat di seluruh Dunia.
Pada sidang WCPT di Yokohama (may 1999) diadakan perubahan tentang penggambaran Fisioterapi dimana penggambarannya bukan saja dibuat sekedar defenisi akan tetapi lebih menjurus kepada kajian filsafat sehingga nampak lebih jelas. Sejarah perkembangan ini dapat dirinci sebagai berikut :
a. Prinsif Fisioterapi (rubbing) telah menjadi bagian penyembuhan sejak sejarah dituliskan.
b. 3000 SM dipakai di Cina, Romawi Kono dll
c. 460 SM Hipocrates menyarankan pula
d. 1812 Peter Hendri ling – ilmiah pertama basis masage penyembuhan
e. Kadang disertai dengan menggerakkan anggota dengan gerakan khusus
f. Homer memanfaatkan air
g. Teori atom oleh John dalton dan Listrik Thomas Alpha Edition akhir abad 18
h. Pengunaan teknologi modern merubah teknik modalitas Fisioterapi
i. Fisioterapi masuk dalam jajaran penyembuhan formal
j. Ilmu dan Seni penyembuhan dengan menggunakan “Phisical Agent”
k. Physio ► Physiologis
l. Phisical ► If it is your physic
m. Masing-masing Negara mencari “Core”
n. Mencari bentuk paradigma Fisioterapi
o. 1991 WCPT membentuk Komite
p. 1995 WCPT Mendecrasikan Fisioterapi
q. 1999 WCPT Revisi
Selasa, 10 November 2009
Senin, 09 November 2009
Sejarah Fisioterapi Nasional
Rehabilitasi Centrum (RC) pertama kali didirikan oleh Prof. DR. Soeharso di Solo yang dilatar belakangi oleh banyaknya para penyandang cacat akibat peran Dunia ke II yang tidak mendapat perlakuan yang semestinya sebagai bagian dari mahluk ciptaan Tuhan , Pelayanan yang diberikan pada saat itu berupa Limb Fitting dan Vocational Training.
Pada tahun 1954 dibukalah sebuah klinik Orthopedi untuk mengatasi peningkatan kebutuhan akan pelayanan medis terhadap kecacatan fisik yang dialami, Pada tahun 1956 dibukalah kursus masage dan exercise selama 6 bulan yang diikuti oleh utusan dari Rumah Sakit dan Orang yang telah berpengalaman dalam bidan Keperawatan selama 2 tahun dan memiliki ijazah SMP. Pada tahun 1970 di Solo di dirikan Akademi Fisioterapi Murni Non. Keperawatan dan pada tahun 1984 Akfis Ujungpandang didirikan.
Harus diakui bahwa Fisioterapi Indonesia pada saat ini masih belum benar-benar pantas menjadi Fisioterapi sejati, selain kewenangan yang pada saat ini masih belum jelas juga persaratan pendidikannya. Secara Formal pelayanan Fisioterapi di Indonesia pada saat ini masih terpusat pada upaya penunjnag medis, Frakmentasi pelayanan masih dalam sebatas konsep atau idealisme. Pada saat ini proses Fisioterapi banyak yang tidak dijalankan sehingga fisioterapi hanya melaksanakan bagian kecil dari proses, tidak melaksanakan proses Fisioterapi (Pemeriksaan, Diagnosa, Rencana, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi) maka sebenarnya pendidikan D3 pun masih terlalu tinggi untuk melaksanakan hal tersebut, jikalau di luar Negeri penderita secara legal mulai boleh langsung ke klinik – klinik Fisioterapi dengan bebas tanpa resep dokter maka di Indonesia penderita yang sudah datang dari dokterpun masih harus melalui dokter rehabilitasi terlebih dahulu.
Pada tahun 1954 dibukalah sebuah klinik Orthopedi untuk mengatasi peningkatan kebutuhan akan pelayanan medis terhadap kecacatan fisik yang dialami, Pada tahun 1956 dibukalah kursus masage dan exercise selama 6 bulan yang diikuti oleh utusan dari Rumah Sakit dan Orang yang telah berpengalaman dalam bidan Keperawatan selama 2 tahun dan memiliki ijazah SMP. Pada tahun 1970 di Solo di dirikan Akademi Fisioterapi Murni Non. Keperawatan dan pada tahun 1984 Akfis Ujungpandang didirikan.
Harus diakui bahwa Fisioterapi Indonesia pada saat ini masih belum benar-benar pantas menjadi Fisioterapi sejati, selain kewenangan yang pada saat ini masih belum jelas juga persaratan pendidikannya. Secara Formal pelayanan Fisioterapi di Indonesia pada saat ini masih terpusat pada upaya penunjnag medis, Frakmentasi pelayanan masih dalam sebatas konsep atau idealisme. Pada saat ini proses Fisioterapi banyak yang tidak dijalankan sehingga fisioterapi hanya melaksanakan bagian kecil dari proses, tidak melaksanakan proses Fisioterapi (Pemeriksaan, Diagnosa, Rencana, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi) maka sebenarnya pendidikan D3 pun masih terlalu tinggi untuk melaksanakan hal tersebut, jikalau di luar Negeri penderita secara legal mulai boleh langsung ke klinik – klinik Fisioterapi dengan bebas tanpa resep dokter maka di Indonesia penderita yang sudah datang dari dokterpun masih harus melalui dokter rehabilitasi terlebih dahulu.
Sabtu, 07 November 2009
Sejarah Fisioterapi Makassar, Indonesia
Lahir dengan segala kesederhanaan dalam penantian pelembagaannya, awal yang benar-benar penuh cobaan untuk Akademi Kesehatan kedua milik Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, yang lebih dikenal dengan nama Akademi Fisioterapi Depkes Makassar yang pada saat itu untuk sementara waktu Akademi Fisioterapi Makassar bertempat di gedung Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia (PPNI) jalan adyaksa Makassar, sebuah rumah bersalin yang direnovasi untuk dijadikan ruang kuliah, Akfis Makassar terus memperbaiki diri dan berjuang untuk memenuhi semua sarana dan prasarana perkuliahannya samapi akhir selesai juga pembangunan kampus baru di jalan Paccerakkang No. 79 KM. 14 Daya Kel. Paccerakkang Kec. Biringkanaya Kota Makassar.Pergantian direkktur dan perubahan kelembagaan terus berlangsung setelah Drs. Elim Salim pada tahun 1990 Dr. Adnan Mahmud kemudian tahun 1992 Dr. Agil Allattas dan tahun 1996 Dr.Hj. Rostiaty Natsir, MSPh sampai berubah menjadi Poltekkes Makassar tahun 2002 menjadi Jurusan Fisioterapi Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar yang dulunya mulai dari Akademi Fisioterapi kemudian tahun 1990 berubah menjadi Pendidikan Ahli Madya Fisioterapi (PAMFIS) kemudian tahun 1995 berubah kembali menjadi Akademi Fisioterapi sampai tahun 2002 menjadi jurusan Fisioterapi Poltekkes Makassar.
Minggu, 01 November 2009
Understanding Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy is the etymology is divided into two elements, namely: which means Fisio nature and meaning of treatment therapy. According to WCPT Physiotherapy is a science or tips for doing a treatment to take advantage of the natural properties such as light, water, electricity, exercises and manual.
According to William Joic I Physiotherapy is a process that systemically to address musculoskeletal disorders and psikosomatos function. So Physiotherapy in general terms is a common effort of healthcare professionals responsible for physical capacity and functional ability measures implemented oriented focus on solving problems using a scientific approach based on professional ethics. Physical capacity is the potential that either owned by individuals who are available and the system potentially affected by the components and subsystems started from cells, tissues, organs and organ systems in the body's functional ability is an individual's ability to use possessed the physical capacity to meet his obligation to interact with their environment.
According to Imam Waluyo Physiotherapy is a healthcare professional efforts of health responsible for physical capacity and functional ability and conducted focus and problem-oriented approach based on scientific approaches and professional ethics.
According Goddenson Physiotherapy plays an important role in rehabilitation for the disabled and the responsibilities and limitations of physical kapsitas and planning treatment programs that relieve pain or reduce bad repair, increase strength and improve movement in general health, physical therapist provides motivation and instruction to patients, families and people who may have helped influence the behavior and rehabilitation programs.
According to Physiotherapy Ensikopedia includes evaluation and treatment of patients weakness and disease, accidents and stress. Using exercises and physical measures other to reduce the pain and consciousness are not easy to move regularly. Evaluate the physical therapy including tests using the joint motion muscle strength, weakness and coordination kurannya, respiratory capacity, smooth exchange, sensors and respiratory system and the patient's ability to perform basic skills of evaluation every day in providing information on the effects of treatment, tests using hand gestures or with electrical tools and other means.
According to J. Hislop, followed Heidy Physiotherapy Paetrero defined as a health profession that distinguish the clinical sciences patokinesiologi is an application of anatomy and physiology to human movement is not normal.
Congress IKAFI by Gerry L. Smidt Physiotherapy involves a special skill, and includes developing and want prinsif health professional.
Physiotherapy by WCPT (Word For Phisical Therapy Confederation) in 1995 and 1999 Physiotherapy is the professional health workers who work for the people of all ages that aims to preserve, promote health, restore function and dependence when individuals have the ability or lack of interference problems caused by physical damage, psihis and so forth. Science is studied Physics, humanitarian and health sciences and the use of physical resources to heal such as exercise, manipulation techniques, cold, heat and eletroterapeutik modalities. Physiotherapy is a profession that have their own autonomy and independent practice publicly perform and has a parallel relationship with the medical profession and other health professionals. Physiotherapy provides services to the private sector or public hospitals, rehabilitation centers, health centers, clinics, schools and workplaces.
Physiotherapy according WCPT 1995 and 1999 can be broken down and described as follows:
1. Independent physiotherapy profession
2. Parallel with other health professions
3. Scope of service from individuals to communities regarding promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative.
Physiotherapy services directed to individuals and communities where the scope of physiotherapy services is to develop, maintain, and restore and the arable fields of Physiotherapy is the maximization of motion and functional ability in question while the healthy state of physiotherapy is full and functional movement.
Physiotherapy tersangku on identifying and maximizing business potential problems associated with moving the scope of promotional, preventive, healing and recovery, physiotherapy involved in the interaction between the physiotherapist, patients or clients, relatives and health providers in the process of checking the potential of motion in an attempt to enforce the agreed objectives with the using the knowledge and skills unique physiotherapy.
Physiotherapist specifically looked at the body and the potential need for the determination of the motion is central to the diagnosis and intervention strategies and consistent in any form in which physiotherapy practice done.
Forms of physiotherapy services will be very varied in relation to which the physiotherapist working or related to promotional, preventive, curative and rehabilitative.
Physiotherapy is a form of service performed by (provide By) or under the direction of (Under the direction), and supervision by a physiotherapist, including examination, diagnosis, planning, intervention and evaluation.
Physiotherapy according to Decree of the Minister of Health (Kepmenkes) 1363 Article 12 can be described as follows:
1. Physiotherapist in carrying out the practice of authority to do:
a. Asesment Physiotherapy
Assessment included checks on individuals or groups, real or potential to occur weakness, limitation of function, disability or other medical conditions making travel by disease (History Taking), skrening, special test measurement and evaluation of results through analysis and synthesis in a process of clinical considerations.
b. Diagnosis Physiotherapy
The diagnosis is established from the examination and evaluation, and declare the results of the consideration process / clinical thinking, can be statements of motion state of dysfunction, can include / cover categories of weakness, limitation of function, ability / disability and syndrome.
c. Physiotherapy intervention
Planning begins with the consideration of intervention needs and usually leads to the development of intervention plans, including the results in accordance with measurable goals approved by the patient / client, family or other health ministers. May be thinking of alternative plans to be referred to another party if the case is not deemed appropriate for physiotherapy.
Interventions dimodifikasilkan implemented and to achieve the agreed goals and may include manual handling, increased movement, physical equipment, tools and mechanical equipment elektroterapeutik: functional training, determination and the help of aids equipment, instruction and counseling, documentation and coordination, communication and intervention can also aimed at the prevention of abnormalities (weakness), limitation of function, disability and injury, as well as improving and maintaining health, quality of life, fitness of all ages and all walks of life.
d. Evaluation / re-evaluation / re-assessment
Conducted every application process in order to maximize physical therapy goals will be achieved.
2. Physiotherapy is a form of health services directed at individuals or groups to develop, maintain and restore the body's movement and function throughout the life cycle by using manual handling, increased motion, equipment (physical, elektroterapeutik and mechanical), the training function, communication.
According to William Joic I Physiotherapy is a process that systemically to address musculoskeletal disorders and psikosomatos function. So Physiotherapy in general terms is a common effort of healthcare professionals responsible for physical capacity and functional ability measures implemented oriented focus on solving problems using a scientific approach based on professional ethics. Physical capacity is the potential that either owned by individuals who are available and the system potentially affected by the components and subsystems started from cells, tissues, organs and organ systems in the body's functional ability is an individual's ability to use possessed the physical capacity to meet his obligation to interact with their environment.
According to Imam Waluyo Physiotherapy is a healthcare professional efforts of health responsible for physical capacity and functional ability and conducted focus and problem-oriented approach based on scientific approaches and professional ethics.
According Goddenson Physiotherapy plays an important role in rehabilitation for the disabled and the responsibilities and limitations of physical kapsitas and planning treatment programs that relieve pain or reduce bad repair, increase strength and improve movement in general health, physical therapist provides motivation and instruction to patients, families and people who may have helped influence the behavior and rehabilitation programs.
According to Physiotherapy Ensikopedia includes evaluation and treatment of patients weakness and disease, accidents and stress. Using exercises and physical measures other to reduce the pain and consciousness are not easy to move regularly. Evaluate the physical therapy including tests using the joint motion muscle strength, weakness and coordination kurannya, respiratory capacity, smooth exchange, sensors and respiratory system and the patient's ability to perform basic skills of evaluation every day in providing information on the effects of treatment, tests using hand gestures or with electrical tools and other means.
According to J. Hislop, followed Heidy Physiotherapy Paetrero defined as a health profession that distinguish the clinical sciences patokinesiologi is an application of anatomy and physiology to human movement is not normal.
Congress IKAFI by Gerry L. Smidt Physiotherapy involves a special skill, and includes developing and want prinsif health professional.
Physiotherapy by WCPT (Word For Phisical Therapy Confederation) in 1995 and 1999 Physiotherapy is the professional health workers who work for the people of all ages that aims to preserve, promote health, restore function and dependence when individuals have the ability or lack of interference problems caused by physical damage, psihis and so forth. Science is studied Physics, humanitarian and health sciences and the use of physical resources to heal such as exercise, manipulation techniques, cold, heat and eletroterapeutik modalities. Physiotherapy is a profession that have their own autonomy and independent practice publicly perform and has a parallel relationship with the medical profession and other health professionals. Physiotherapy provides services to the private sector or public hospitals, rehabilitation centers, health centers, clinics, schools and workplaces.
Physiotherapy according WCPT 1995 and 1999 can be broken down and described as follows:
1. Independent physiotherapy profession
2. Parallel with other health professions
3. Scope of service from individuals to communities regarding promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative.
Physiotherapy services directed to individuals and communities where the scope of physiotherapy services is to develop, maintain, and restore and the arable fields of Physiotherapy is the maximization of motion and functional ability in question while the healthy state of physiotherapy is full and functional movement.
Physiotherapy tersangku on identifying and maximizing business potential problems associated with moving the scope of promotional, preventive, healing and recovery, physiotherapy involved in the interaction between the physiotherapist, patients or clients, relatives and health providers in the process of checking the potential of motion in an attempt to enforce the agreed objectives with the using the knowledge and skills unique physiotherapy.
Physiotherapist specifically looked at the body and the potential need for the determination of the motion is central to the diagnosis and intervention strategies and consistent in any form in which physiotherapy practice done.
Forms of physiotherapy services will be very varied in relation to which the physiotherapist working or related to promotional, preventive, curative and rehabilitative.
Physiotherapy is a form of service performed by (provide By) or under the direction of (Under the direction), and supervision by a physiotherapist, including examination, diagnosis, planning, intervention and evaluation.
Physiotherapy according to Decree of the Minister of Health (Kepmenkes) 1363 Article 12 can be described as follows:
1. Physiotherapist in carrying out the practice of authority to do:
a. Asesment Physiotherapy
Assessment included checks on individuals or groups, real or potential to occur weakness, limitation of function, disability or other medical conditions making travel by disease (History Taking), skrening, special test measurement and evaluation of results through analysis and synthesis in a process of clinical considerations.
b. Diagnosis Physiotherapy
The diagnosis is established from the examination and evaluation, and declare the results of the consideration process / clinical thinking, can be statements of motion state of dysfunction, can include / cover categories of weakness, limitation of function, ability / disability and syndrome.
c. Physiotherapy intervention
Planning begins with the consideration of intervention needs and usually leads to the development of intervention plans, including the results in accordance with measurable goals approved by the patient / client, family or other health ministers. May be thinking of alternative plans to be referred to another party if the case is not deemed appropriate for physiotherapy.
Interventions dimodifikasilkan implemented and to achieve the agreed goals and may include manual handling, increased movement, physical equipment, tools and mechanical equipment elektroterapeutik: functional training, determination and the help of aids equipment, instruction and counseling, documentation and coordination, communication and intervention can also aimed at the prevention of abnormalities (weakness), limitation of function, disability and injury, as well as improving and maintaining health, quality of life, fitness of all ages and all walks of life.
d. Evaluation / re-evaluation / re-assessment
Conducted every application process in order to maximize physical therapy goals will be achieved.
2. Physiotherapy is a form of health services directed at individuals or groups to develop, maintain and restore the body's movement and function throughout the life cycle by using manual handling, increased motion, equipment (physical, elektroterapeutik and mechanical), the training function, communication.
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